Description
$str ) : stringThis function is convenient when encoding a string to be used in a query part of a URL, as a convenient way to pass variables to the next page.
Parameters
str The string to be encoded.
Return Values
Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters except -_. have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed by two hex digits and spaces encoded as plus (+) signs. It is encoded the same way that the posted data from a WWW form is encoded, that is the same way as in application/x-www-form-urlencoded media type. This differs from the » RFC 3986 encoding (see rawurlencode()) in that for historical reasons, spaces are encoded as plus (+) signs.
Examples
Example #1 urlencode() example
<?php
echo '<a href="mycgi?foo=', urlencode($userinput), '">';
?>Example #2 urlencode() and htmlentities() example
<?php
$query_string = 'foo=' . urlencode($foo) . '&bar=' . urlencode($bar);
echo '<a href="mycgi?' . htmlentities($query_string) . '">';
?>Notes
See Also
- urldecode() - Decodes URL-encoded string
- htmlentities() - Convert all applicable characters to HTML entities
- rawurlencode() - URL-encode according to RFC 3986
- rawurldecode() - Decode URL-encoded strings
- » RFC 3986
add a noteUser Contributed Notes 23 notes
urlencode function and rawurlencode are mostly based on RFC 1738.
However, since 2005 the current RFC in use for URIs standard is RFC 3986.
Here is a function to encode URLs according to RFC 3986.
<?php
function myUrlEncode($string) {
$entities = array('%21', '%2A', '%27', '%28', '%29', '%3B', '%3A', '%40', '%26', '%3D', '%2B', '%24', '%2C', '%2F', '%3F', '%25', '%23', '%5B', '%5D');
$replacements = array('!', '*', "'", "(", ")", ";", ":", "@", "&", "=", "+", "$", ",", "/", "?", "%", "#", "[", "]");
return str_replace($entities, $replacements, urlencode($string));
}
?>urlencode corresponds to the definition for application/x-www-form-urlencoded in RFC 1866 (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1866#section-8.2.1), and not for url encoded parts in URI. Use only rawurlencode for encode raw URI parts (e.g. query/search part)!I needed encoding and decoding for UTF8 urls, I came up with these very simple fuctions. Hope this helps!
<?php
function url_encode($string){
return urlencode(utf8_encode($string));
}
function url_decode($string){
return utf8_decode(urldecode($string));
}
?>Don't use urlencode() or urldecode() if the text includes an email address, as it destroys the "+" character, a perfectly valid email address character.
Unless you're certain that you won't be encoding email addresses AND you need the readability provided by the non-standard "+" usage, instead always use use rawurlencode() or rawurldecode().I needed a function in PHP to do the same job as the complete escape function in Javascript. It took me some time not to find it. But findaly I decided to write my own code. So just to save time:
<?php
function fullescape($in)
{
$out = '';
for ($i=0;$i<strlen($in);$i++)
{
$hex = dechex(ord($in[$i]));
if ($hex=='')
$out = $out.urlencode($in[$i]);
else
$out = $out .'%'.((strlen($hex)==1) ? ('0'.strtoupper($hex)):(strtoupper($hex)));
}
$out = str_replace('+','%20',$out);
$out = str_replace('_','%5F',$out);
$out = str_replace('.','%2E',$out);
$out = str_replace('-','%2D',$out);
return $out;
}
?>
It can be fully decoded using the unscape function in Javascript.Like "Benjamin dot Bruno at web dot de" earlier has writen, you can have problems with encode strings with special characters to flash. Benjamin write that:
<?php
function flash_encode ($input)
{
return rawurlencode(utf8_encode($input));
}
?>
... could do the problem. Unfortunately flash still have problems with read some quotations, but with this one:
<?php
function flash_encode($string)
{
$string = rawurlencode(utf8_encode($string));
$string = str_replace("%C2%96", "-", $string);
$string = str_replace("%C2%91", "%27", $string);
$string = str_replace("%C2%92", "%27", $string);
$string = str_replace("%C2%82", "%27", $string);
$string = str_replace("%C2%93", "%22", $string);
$string = str_replace("%C2%94", "%22", $string);
$string = str_replace("%C2%84", "%22", $string);
$string = str_replace("%C2%8B", "%C2%AB", $string);
$string = str_replace("%C2%9B", "%C2%BB", $string);
return $string;
}
?>
... should solve this problem.Since PHP 5.3.0, urlencode and rawurlencode also differ in that rawurlencode does not encode ~ (tilde), while urlencode does.I think the description does not exactly match what the function does:
Returns a string in which all non-alphanumeric characters
except -_. have been replaced with a percent (%) sign followed
by two hex digits and spaces encoded as plus (+) signs.
urlencode('ö') gives me '%C3%B6'. So more then just a percent sign followed by two hex digits.Apache's mod_rewrite and mod_proxy are unable to handle urlencoded URLs properly - http://issues.apache.org/bugzilla/show_bug.cgi?id=34602
If you need to use any of these modules and handle paths that contain %2F or %3A (and few other encoded special url characters), you'll have use a different encoding scheme.
My solution is to replace "%" with "'".
<?php
function urlencode($u)
{
return str_replace(array("'",'%'),array('%27',"'"),urlencode($u));
}
function urldecode($u)
{
return urldecode(strtr($u,"'",'%'));
}
?>Below is our jsonform source code in mongo db which consists a lot of double quotes. we are able to pass this source code to the ajax form submit function by using php urlencode :
<script type="text/javascript">
$(function() {
// Generate a form using jquery.dfrom
$("#myform").dform({
"html":[
{
"type":"p",
"html":"Patient Record"
},
{
"name":"patient.name.first",
"id":"txt-patient.name.first",
"caption":"first name",
"type":"text",
},
{
"name":"patient.name.last",
"id":"txt-patient.name.last",
"caption":"last name",
"type":"text",
},
{
"type" : "submit",
}
]
});
});
</script>
<form id="myform">
<?php
//get the json source code from the mongodb
$jsonform= urlencode($this->data['Post']['jsonform']);
?>
//AJAX SUBMIT FORM
<script type="text/javascript">
$('#myform').submit(function(){
// passing the variable fro PHP to javascript
var thejsonform="<?php echo $jsonform ?>";
//var fname = $('input#fname').val();
var dataString = "jsonform=" + thejsonform ;
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
// url: "test1.php",
data: dataString,
success: function() {
}
});
return false;
});Be careful when encoding strings that came from simplexml in PHP 5. If you try to urlencode a simplexml object, the script tanks.
I got around the problem by using a cast.
$newValue = urlencode( (string) $oldValue );Do not let the browser auto encode an invalid URL. Not all browsers perform the same encodeing. Keep it cross browser do it server side.I wrote this simple function that creates a GET query (for URLS) from an array:
<?php
function encode_array($args)
{
if(!is_array($args)) return false;
$c = 0;
$out = '';
foreach($args as $name => $value)
{
if($c++ != 0) $out .= '&';
$out .= urlencode("$name").'=';
if(is_array($value))
{
$out .= urlencode(serialize($value));
}else{
$out .= urlencode("$value");
}
}
return $out . "\n";
}
?>
If there are arrays within the $args array, they will be serialized before being urlencoded.
Some examples:
<?php
echo encode_array(array('foo' => 'bar')); // foo=bar
echo encode_array(array('foo&bar' => 'some=weird/value')); // foo%26bar=some%3Dweird%2Fvalue
echo encode_array(array('foo' => 1, 'bar' => 'two')); // foo=1&bar=two
echo encode_array(array('args' => array('key' => 'value'))); // args=a%3A1%3A%7Bs%3A3%3A%22key%22%3Bs%3A5%3A%22value%22%3B%7D
?>I'm running PHP version 5.0.5 and urlencode() doesn't seem to encode the "#" character, although the function's description says it encodes "all non-alphanumeric" characters. This was a particular problem for me when trying to open local files with a "#" in the filename as Firefox will interpret this as an anchor target (for better or worse). It seems a manual str_replace is required unless this was fixed in a future PHP version.
Example:
$str = str_replace("#", "%23", $str);Keep in mind that, if you prepare URL for a connection and used the urlencode on some parameters and didn't use it on the rest of parameters, it will not be decoded automatically at the destination position if the not encoded parameters have special characters that urlencode encodes it.
example :
$xml = simplexml_load_file("http://www.testing.com?me=test&first=".urlencode('dummy string')."&second=here is the string");
here is the second parameter has spaces which urlencode converts it to (+).
after using this URL, the server will discover that the second parameter has not been encoded , then the server will not decode it automatically.
this took more than 2 hours to be discovered and hope to save your time.kL's example is very bugged since it loops itself and the encode function is two-way.
Why do you replace all %27 through ' in the same string in that you replace all ' through %27?
Lets say I have a string: Hello %27World%27. It's a nice day.
I get: Hello Hello 'World'. It%27s a nice day.
With other words that solution is pretty useless.
Solution:
Just replace ' through %27 when encoding
Just replace %27 through ' when decoding. Or just use url_decode.When using XMLHttpRequest or another AJAX technique to submit data to a PHP script using GET (or POST with content-type header set to 'x-www-form-urlencoded') you must urlencode your data before you upload it. (In fact, if you don't urlencode POST data MS Internet Explorer may pop a "syntax error" dialog when you call XMLHttpRequest.send().) But, you can't call PHP's urlencode() function in Javascript! In fact, NO native Javascript function will urlencode data correctly for form submission. So here is a function to do the job fairly efficiently:
<?php /******
<script type="text/javascript" language="javascript1.6">
// PHP-compatible urlencode() for Javascript
function urlencode(s) {
s = encodeURIComponent(s);
return s.replace(/~/g,'%7E').replace(/%20/g,'+');
}
// sample usage: suppose form has text input fields for
// country, postcode, and city with id='country' and so-on.
// We'll use GET to send values of country and postcode
// to "city_lookup.php" asynchronously, then update city
// field in form with the reply (from database lookup)
function lookup_city() {
var elm_country = document.getElementById('country');
var elm_zip = document.getElementById('postcode');
var elm_city = document.getElementById('city');
var qry = '?country=' + urlencode(elm_country.value) +
'&postcode=' + urlencode(elm_zip.value);
var xhr;
try {
xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); // recent browsers
} catch (e) {
alert('No XMLHttpRequest!');
return;
}
xhr.open('GET',('city_lookup.php'+qry),true);
xhr.onreadystatechange = function(){
if ((xhr.readyState != 4) || (xhr.status != 200)) return;
elm_city.value = xhr.responseText;
}
xhr.send(null);
}
</script>
******/ ?>This very simple function makes an valid parameters part of an URL, to me it looks like several of the other versions here are decoding wrongly as they do not convert & seperating the variables into &.
$vars=array('name' => 'tore','action' => 'sell&buy');
echo MakeRequestUrl($vars);
/* Makes an valid html request url by parsing the params array
* @param $params The parameters to be converted into URL with key as name.
*/
function MakeRequestUrl($params)
{
$querystring=null;
foreach ($params as $name => $value)
{
$querystring=$name.'='.urlencode($value).'&'.$querystring;
}
// Cut the last '&'
$querystring=substr($querystring,0,strlen($querystring)-1);
return htmlentities($querystring);
}
Will output: action=sell%26buy&name=toreI was testing my input sanitation with some strange character entities. Ones like � and � were passed correctly and were in their raw form when I passed them through without any filtering.
However, some weird things happen when dealing with characters like (these are HTML entities): ‼ ▐ ┐and Θ have weird things going on.
If you try to pass one in Internet Explorer, IE will *disable* the submit button. Firefox, however, does something weirder: it will convert it to it's HTML entity. It will display properly, but only when you don't convert entities.
The point? Be careful with decorative characters.
PS: If you try copy/pasting one of these characters to a TXT file, it will translate to a ?.If you want to pass a url with parameters as a value IN a url AND through a javascript function, such as...
<a href="javascript:openWin('page.php?url=index.php?id=4&pg=2');">
...pass the url value through the PHP urlencode() function twice, like this...
<?php
$url = "index.php?id=4&pg=2";
$url = urlencode(urlencode($url));
echo "<a href=\"javascript:openWin('page.php?url=$url');\">";
?>
On the page being opened by the javascript function (page.php), you only need to urldecode() once, because when javascript 'touches' the url that passes through it, it decodes the url once itself. So, just decode it once more in your PHP script to fully undo the double-encoding...
<?php
$url = urldecode($_GET['url']);
?>
If you don't do this, you'll find that the result url value in the target script is missing all the var=values following the ? question mark...
index.php?id=4Constructing hyperlinks safely HOW-TO:
<?php
$path_component = 'machine/generated/part';
$url_parameter1 = 'this is a string';
$url_parameter2 = 'special/weird "$characters"';
$url = 'http://example.com/lab/cgi/test/'. rawurlencode($path_component) . '?param1=' . urlencode($url_parameter1) . '¶m2=' . urlencode($url_parameter2);
$link_label = "Click here & you'll be <happy>";
echo '<a href="', htmlspecialchars($url), '">', htmlspecialchars($link_label), '</a>';
?>
This example covers all the encodings you need to apply in order to create URLs safely without problems with any special characters. It is stunning how many people make mistakes with this.
Shortly:
- Use urlencode for all GET parameters (things that come after each "=").
- Use rawurlencode for parts that come before "?".
- Use htmlspecialchars for HTML tag parameters and HTML text content.if you have a url like this: test-blablabla-4>3-y-3<6 or with any excluded US-ASCII Characters (see chapter 2.4.3 on http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt) you can use urlencode two times for fix the 403 error.
Example:
.htaccess
Options +FollowSymLinks
RewriteEngine on
RewriteRule ^test-(.*)$ index.php?token=$1
index.php
<?php
var_dump($_GET);
$foo = 'test-bla-bla-4>2-y-3<6';
$foo_encoded = urlencode(urlencode($foo));
?>
<a href="<?=$foo_encoded;?>"><?=$foo_encoded;?></a>
look on index.php
array (size=0)
empty
test-bla-bla-4%253E2-y-3%253C6
look on test-bla-bla-4%253E2-y-3%253C6
array (size=1)
'token' => string 'bla-bla-4>2-y-3<6' (length=17)
test-bla-bla-4%253E2-y-3%253C6
the problem is that the characters are decoded 2 times, 1 single, the first time mod_rewrite, the second is to create the php $ _GET array.
also, you can use this technique to the same as the complex functions of other notes.Simple static class for array URL encoding
[code]
<?php
/**
*
* URL Encoding class
* Use : urlencode_array::go() as function
*
*/
class urlencode_array
{
/** Main encoding worker
* @param string $perfix
* @param array $array
* @param string $ret byref Push record to return array
* @param mixed $fe Is first call to function?
*/
private static function encode_part($perfix, $array, &$ret, $fe = false)
{
foreach ( $array as $k => $v )
{
switch ( gettype($v))
{
case 'float' :
case 'integer' :
case 'string' : $ret [ $fe ? $k : $perfix.'['.$k.']' ] = $v; break;
case 'boolean' : $ret [ $fe ? $k : $perfix.'['.$k.']' ] = ( $v ? '1' : '0' ); break;
case 'null' : $ret [ $fe ? $k : $perfix.'['.$k.']' ] = 'NULL'; break;
case 'object' : $v = (array) $v;
case 'array' : self::encode_part( $fe?$perfix.$k:$perfix.'['.$k.']' , $v, $ret, false); break;
}
}
}
/** UrlEncode Array
* @param mixed $array Array or stdClass to encode
* @returns string Strings ready for send as 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'
*/
public static function go($array)
{
$buff = array();
if ( gettype($array) == 'object') $array = (array) $array;
self::encode_part('', $array, $buff, true);
$retn = '';
foreach ( $buff as $k => $v )
$retn .= urlencode($k) . '=' . urlencode($v) . '&';
return $retn;
}
}
#-------------------------------- TEST AREA ------------------------------------
$buffer = array(
'master' =>'master.zenith.lv',
'join' =>array('slave'=>'slave1.zenith.lv','slave2'=>array('node1.slave2.zenith.lv','slave2.zenith.lv')),
'config' => new stdClass()
);
$buffer['config']->MaxServerLoad = 200;
$buffer['config']->MaxSlaveLoad = 100;
$buffer['config']->DropUserNoWait = true;
$buffer = urlencode_array::go($buffer);
parse_str( $buffer , $data_decoded);
header('Content-Type: text/plain; charset=utf-8');
echo 'Encoded String :' . str_repeat('-', 80) . "\n";
echo $buffer;
echo str_repeat("\n", 3) . 'Decoded String byPhp :' . str_repeat('-', 80) . "\n";
print_r($data_decoded);
[/code]
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.web.httputility.urlencode?view=netcore-3.1
Encodes a URL string. These method overloads can be used to encode the entire URL, including query-string values.
To encode or decode values outside of a web application, use the WebUtility class.
Overloads
Encodes a URL string using the specified encoding object.
public static string UrlEncode (string str, System.Text.Encoding e);Parameters
Returns
An encoded string.
Remarks
This method can be used to encode the entire URL, including query-string values. If characters such as blanks and punctuation are passed in an HTTP stream, they might be misinterpreted at the receiving end. URL encoding converts characters that are not allowed in a URL into character-entity equivalents; URL decoding reverses the encoding. For example, when the characters < and > are embedded in a block of text to be transmitted in a URL, they are encoded as %3c and %3e.
To encode or decode values outside of a web application, use the WebUtility class.
See also
Converts a byte array into a URL-encoded string, starting at the specified position in the array and continuing for the specified number of bytes.
public static string UrlEncode (byte[] bytes, int offset, int count);Parameters
Returns
An encoded string.
Remarks
The UrlEncode(String) method can be used to encode the entire URL, including query-string values. If characters such as blanks and punctuation are passed in an HTTP stream, they might be misinterpreted at the receiving end. URL encoding converts characters that are not allowed in a URL into character-entity equivalents; URL decoding reverses the encoding. For example, when the characters < and > are embedded in a block of text to be transmitted in a URL, they are encoded as %3c and %3e.
To encode or decode values outside of a web application, use the WebUtility class.
See also
Converts a byte array into an encoded URL string.
public static string UrlEncode (byte[] bytes);Parameters
Returns
An encoded string.
Remarks
The UrlEncode method can be used to encode the entire URL, including query-string values. If characters such as blanks and punctuation are passed in an HTTP stream, they might be misinterpreted at the receiving end. URL encoding converts characters that are not allowed in a URL into character-entity equivalents; URL decoding reverses the encoding. For example, when the characters < and > are embedded in a block of text to be transmitted in a URL, they are encoded as %3c and %3e.
To encode or decode values outside of a web application, use the WebUtility class.
See also
Encodes a URL string.
public static string UrlEncode (string str);Parameters
Returns
An encoded string.
Remarks
The UrlEncode(String) method can be used to encode the entire URL, including query-string values. If characters such as blanks and punctuation are passed in an HTTP stream without encoding, they might be misinterpreted at the receiving end. URL encoding converts characters that are not allowed in a URL into character-entity equivalents; URL decoding reverses the encoding. For example, when the characters < and > are embedded in a block of text to be transmitted in a URL, they are encoded as %3c and %3e.
You can encode a URL using with the UrlEncode method or the UrlPathEncode method. However, the methods return different results. The UrlEncode method converts each space character to a plus character (+). The UrlPathEncode method converts each space character into the string "%20", which represents a space in hexadecimal notation. Use the UrlPathEncode method when you encode the path portion of a URL in order to guarantee a consistent decoded URL, regardless of which platform or browser performs the decoding.
The HttpUtility.UrlEncode method uses UTF-8 encoding by default. Therefore, using the UrlEncode method provides the same results as using the UrlEncode method and specifying UTF8 as the second parameter.
UrlEncode is a convenient way to access the UrlEncode method at run time from an ASP.NET application. Internally, UrlEncode uses the UrlEncode method to encode strings.
To encode or decode values outside of a web application, use the WebUtility class.
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